Discharge Pipe Diameter
Calculate the inner diameter of a discharge pipe from the flow and flow velocity, D = √(4·Q ÷ (π·v)), from the flow Q (m³/s) and the desired flow velocity v (m/s). It is the direct application of the continuity equation (Q = v·A, with A = π·D²/4), solved for the diameter: given the flow to transport and the chosen operating velocity, the required pipe diameter is obtained. In hydraulic solids transport (dredging, pipelines), the diameter choice is critical and COUPLED to the critical deposition velocity: the operating velocity must stay above the critical velocity (to avoid deposition/clogging) but not excessively high (to avoid wasting pumping energy and accelerating abrasive wear). So sizing is iterative — a diameter is chosen, the resulting velocity and corresponding critical velocity are computed, and it is adjusted until a safe, economical operating range is found. Larger diameters reduce velocity and head loss (less energy per metre) but cost more and may fall below the critical velocity; smaller diameters raise velocity and wear. This simple but essential calculation is the starting point of designing any water or slurry discharge line. Enter the flow and the flow velocity.
Result
—
Diâmetro de tubulação de recalque
O diâmetro interno de uma tubulação de recalque a partir da vazão e da velocidade é D = √(4·Q ÷ (π·v)), a partir da vazão Q e da velocidade de escoamento desejada v. É a aplicação direta da equação da continuidade (Q = v·A, com A = π·D²/4), resolvida para o diâmetro: dada a vazão a transportar e a velocidade de operação escolhida, obtém-se o diâmetro necessário. No transporte hidráulico de sólidos (dragagem, minerodutos), a escolha do diâmetro é crítica e está acoplada à velocidade crítica de deposição: a velocidade de operação deve ficar acima da velocidade crítica (para não depositar/entupir) mas não excessivamente alta (para não desperdiçar energia de bombeamento nem acelerar o desgaste abrasivo). Por isso o dimensionamento é iterativo — escolhe-se um diâmetro, calcula-se a velocidade resultante e a velocidade crítica correspondente, e ajusta-se até encontrar uma faixa de operação segura e econômica. Diâmetros maiores reduzem a velocidade e a perda de carga (menos energia por metro), mas custam mais e podem cair abaixo da velocidade crítica; diâmetros menores aumentam a velocidade e o desgaste. Este cálculo, simples mas essencial, é o ponto de partida do projeto de qualquer linha de recalque de água ou polpa. Informe a vazão e a velocidade de escoamento.
Related Tools
Dredge Solids Production
Calculate the volumetric solids production of a dredge or pipeline, Q_s = Q·C_v, from the total slurry flow Q (m³/s) and the solids volumetric concentration C_v (fraction). Solids production is the volume of useful material (sand, sediment, ore) effectively transported per unit time — the direct measure of dredging or slurry-pumping PRODUCTIVITY, and what really matters commercially (a dredge is paid per cubic metre dredged, not per pumped water). It is the product of the total slurry flow and the solids fraction: increasing production means increasing the flow (bigger pumps, more power) OR increasing the solids concentration (excavating denser material, optimizing the suction). There is a fundamental trade-off: pumping very concentrated slurry raises production per cubic metre of slurry but raises mixture density, head loss and deposition/clogging risk. Solids production, integrated over time, gives the total dredged volume (for measurement and payment) and frames planning (how many hours/days to dredge a channel, fill a pit, move overburden). It is the key operational indicator. Enter the slurry flow and the volumetric concentration.
Maximum Surface Settlement (Tunnel)
Calculate the maximum surface settlement, over the tunnel axis, S_max = Vs ÷ (i·√(2π)), from the settlement trough volume per metre of tunnel Vs (m³/m, the lost soil volume surfacing) and the trough-width parameter i (m, Peck's method). Since the trough is Gaussian, integrating the curve gives Vs = √(2π)·i·S_max, isolating the maximum settlement, which occurs right over the axis. This is the critical value for damage assessment: compared to allowable limits (typically 10-25 mm for sensitive structures), it decides whether the excavation is safe or needs mitigation. Enter the trough volume and the width parameter.
Refrigerant Mass Flow
Compute the refrigerant mass flow needed in a cycle, ṁ = refrigerating capacity / refrigerating effect, dividing the desired cooling load (kW) by the specific refrigerating effect (kJ/kg, the enthalpy absorbed per kilo at the evaporator). It is how much refrigerant must circulate per second to meet the demand — the basis for sizing the compressor, the piping and the system gas charge. Enter the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating effect.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.