Growing Degree Days (GDD)
Compute the growing degree days (GDD), GDD = (Tmax + Tmin)/2 − Tbase, the daily thermal accumulation above the base temperature below which the plant does not grow. Since crop development is driven by temperature, summing degree days predicts phenological stages — flowering, maturity, harvest — more accurately than the calendar. Also used for pests and insects. Enter the day's maximum and minimum temperatures and the crop base temperature.
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Graus-dia de cultivo (GDD)
As plantas não contam dias no calendário — contam calor. Abaixo de uma temperatura-base (Tbase) específica de cada espécie, o desenvolvimento praticamente para. Os graus-dia acumulam o calor útil de cada dia: GDD = (Tmáx + Tmín)/2 − Tbase. Somando os graus-dia desde a semeadura, prevê-se com precisão muito maior que pelo calendário quando virá o florescimento, o enchimento de grãos e a colheita — porque um verão quente acelera tudo e um frio atrasa. O mesmo método prevê a eclosão de pragas e o número de gerações de insetos numa safra. Informe as temperaturas máxima e mínima do dia e a temperatura-base.
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Junction Temperature
Calculate the junction temperature of a power semiconductor, T_j = T_a + P × R_th, from the ambient temperature T_a, the dissipated power P and the total junction-to-ambient thermal resistance R_th (°C/W). The result, in °C, is the device's internal temperature (silicon junction), which must not exceed the manufacturer's limit (typically 150 °C) on pain of failure. The thermal resistance adds the junction-to-case, case-to-heatsink and heatsink-to-ambient stages. Lowering R_th (larger heatsink, ventilation, thermal paste) lowers the junction temperature. It is the central calculation of power electronics thermal design. Enter the ambient temperature, the dissipated power and the thermal resistance.
Brake Temperature Rise
Estimate a brake's temperature rise from one braking, ΔT = E ÷ (m·c), from the braking dissipated energy E (J), the mass of the heat-absorbing component m (kg, the disc or drum) and the material specific heat c (J/(kg·°C), ~460 for steel, ~900 for aluminum). When a brake dissipates a braking's kinetic energy (converting it to heat), this heat is initially ABSORBED by the disc or drum mass, raising its temperature. This formula estimates that rise assuming ALL the heat goes into the component mass, with no loss to the environment (a conservative assumption, valid for a quick, isolated braking — in prolonged braking, part of the heat is dissipated by convection and radiation simultaneously). The temperature rise is critical because friction materials have a thermal limit: above a certain temperature (300-500°C for organic materials, more for metallic/ceramic), friction drops sharply (the FADING phenomenon, which has caused many mountain-descent accidents), the material degrades, and the disc can warp or crack from thermal shock. So severe-duty brakes use large discs (more mass, more heat-absorbing capacity), vented (more dissipation) and high-melting-point materials. This calculation is the heart of brake THERMAL design. Enter the dissipated energy, the mass and the specific heat.
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Computes sous-vide cooking time in minutes from meat thickness in centimeters and water bath temperature in Celsius.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.