LCI/LCA vs Equivalent CDB
Shows the gross CDB rate needed to match a tax-free LCI/LCA yield.
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LCI/LCA and the IR exemption
LCI (Letra de Crédito Imobiliário, Law 10.931/2004) and LCA (Letra de Crédito do Agronegócio, Law 11.076/2004) are bank notes that funnel money into real estate and agribusiness, respectively. For an individual (PF), the interest is fully exempt from IR, which is a real advantage over a CDB that hands 15-22.5% to the regressive table. The catch is that to compare them fairly you have to "gross up" the LCI/LCA rate. Take an LCI paying 90% of CDI net. That lands at roughly 117% of CDI gross in a 2-year CDB, since 90/(1-0.175) ≈ 109% and the higher figure reflects a longer-horizon comparison. Both are FGC-protected up to R$ 250,000 per CPF per conglomerate and usually come with a 90-day minimum holding period.
Use cases
Retail investors working toward goals 1-3 years out, anyone running a CDB-vs-LCI comparison on an after-tax basis, and high-bracket investors who allocate with taxes in mind. The exemption pays off most on short-to-medium maturities, exactly where the IR bite would otherwise be steepest (22.5-20%).
FAQ
Why are LCI/LCA tax-free? The government drops the IR to steer funding into real estate and agribusiness, two sectors it wants to subsidize.
Is there a minimum holding period? Yes, usually 90 days, though some issues ask for 9 or 12 months. Pulling the money out early is normally off the table, so you sit tight until maturity.
Are LCI/LCA covered by FGC? Yes, up to R$ 250,000 per CPF per financial conglomerate, the same coverage a CDB or savings account gets.
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Contact Length in Cylindrical Grinding
Computes the geometric contact arc length between wheel and workpiece in cylindrical grinding, l_c = √(a_e × d_e), where d_e = d_s × d_w ÷ (d_s + d_w) is the equivalent diameter that replaces the two real diameters with a single one. It is the stretch over which each abrasive grain stays cutting, and it governs how much heat enters the part: at constant work speed, doubling the contact length doubles how long the same area is exposed to the grinding zone. In external grinding the two diameters add up in the denominator and the contact shortens, whereas in surface grinding the part is flat and the contact tends to √(a_e × d_s), the largest value this formula reaches. Enter the depth of cut, the wheel diameter and the workpiece diameter.
Equivalent Stiffness (Springs in Series)
Calculate the equivalent stiffness of two springs in series, 1 ÷ k_eq = 1/k₁ + 1/k₂, from the individual stiffnesses k₁ and k₂. The result, in the same unit (N/m), is always smaller than the smallest stiffness — springs in series are more flexible, since each deforms under the same force and the displacements add. It is the fundamental calculation to reduce suspension systems, isolators and structures with elastic elements in sequence to a single-degree-of-freedom model, the basis for finding the natural frequency. Enter the two stiffnesses.
Equivalent Radiation Dose
Compute equivalent dose H = D × WR (Sv).
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.