Reflection Coefficient
Calculate the reflection coefficient, Γ = (Z_L − Z₀) ÷ (Z_L + Z₀), from the load impedance Z_L and the line's characteristic impedance Z₀ (ohms). The result (dimensionless, between −1 and 1) gives the fraction of the incident wave reflected by the impedance discontinuity: Γ = 0 means a perfect match (no reflection); Γ = ±1 is total reflection (open or short circuit). It is the basis of impedance matching in transmission lines and relates directly to VSWR and return loss. Enter the load impedance and the characteristic impedance.
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Coeficiente de reflexão
Sempre que uma onda eletromagnética numa linha de transmissão encontra uma descontinuidade de impedância — uma antena, uma carga, uma emenda mal casada —, parte dela é refletida de volta. O coeficiente de reflexão Γ (gama) quantifica essa fração: Γ = (Z_L − Z₀) ÷ (Z_L + Z₀), onde Z_L é a impedância da carga e Z₀ é a impedância característica da linha (tipicamente 50 Ω em RF, 75 Ω em vídeo/TV). O resultado vai de −1 a +1. Os casos extremos são reveladores: se Z_L = Z₀, então Γ = 0 — casamento perfeito, nenhuma reflexão, toda a energia segue para a carga; se a linha termina em circuito aberto (Z_L → ∞), Γ = +1 (reflexão total em fase); se termina em curto (Z_L = 0), Γ = −1 (reflexão total invertida). O coeficiente de reflexão é a grandeza-mãe do casamento de impedâncias: dele derivam o VSWR ((1+|Γ|)/(1−|Γ|)) e a perda de retorno (−20·log₁₀|Γ|), e ele é o que se visualiza na carta de Smith. Minimizar |Γ| — casando impedâncias com transformadores, stubs ou redes de adaptação — é maximizar a transferência de potência e proteger o transmissor. Informe a impedância da carga e a característica.
Related Tools
VSWR (Standing Wave Ratio)
Calculate the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), VSWR = (1 + |Γ|) ÷ (1 − |Γ|), from the magnitude of the reflection coefficient |Γ|. The result (dimensionless, expressed as X:1) measures how well an antenna or load is matched to the transmission line: VSWR = 1:1 is a perfect match (all power delivered); higher values mean part of the wave is reflected back, forming standing waves that reduce efficiency and may damage the transmitter. Typically VSWR up to 1.5:1 or 2:1 is acceptable. Enter the magnitude of the reflection coefficient.
Mold Cavity Pressure
Estimate the pressure that actually reaches the mold cavity by multiplying the injection pressure (at the screw tip) by the pressure transmission factor, which accounts for pressure losses along the runners, nozzle and gates to the cavity. Typically only 40–60% of the machine pressure reaches the part. It is the cavity pressure that defines the clamping force and fill quality. Enter the injection pressure and the transmission factor.
Coefficient of Restitution
Calculates the coefficient of restitution e=(v2-v1)/(u1-u2) for two bodies before and after collision.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.