Tons per Centimeter Immersion (TPC)
Compute the tons per centimeter of immersion (TPC), TPC = Awp·ρ/100, from the waterplane area (Awp, in m²) and the water density (ρ ≈ 1.025 t/m³ at sea). It indicates how many tons of cargo must be loaded (or removed) for the ship to sink (or rise) by 1 cm. It is essential in the loading plan and draft control. Enter the waterplane area and the water density.
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Toneladas por centímetro de imersão (TPC)
Quanto peso é preciso embarcar para o navio afundar 1 centímetro? Essa é a TPC = Aₗₐ·ρ/100, calculada a partir da área do plano de flutuação (a 'fatia' do casco no nível da água) e da densidade da água. A lógica vem de Arquimedes: afundar 1 cm desloca um volume extra igual à área de flutuação × 1 cm, cujo peso de água é a carga que cabe. A TPC é ferramenta diária do imediato no plano de carga: prever o calado final, distribuir peso e não exceder a linha de Plimsoll. Como a água doce é menos densa (1,000) que a salgada (1,025), o mesmo navio afunda mais num rio. Informe a área do plano de flutuação e a densidade da água.
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Powder Factor
Compute the powder factor of a rock blast by dividing the explosive mass (kg) by the volume of rock broken (m³), in kg/m³. It is the central parameter of the blast design: too low produces boulders and poor fragmentation; too high wastes explosive and increases vibration and flyrock. Optimizing it reduces downstream crushing costs. Enter the explosive mass and the rock volume.
Cubic Mean Load (Bearing)
Calculate the equivalent mean load of a bearing under a cycle with two different loads, P_m = ∛(P₁³·U₁ + P₂³·U₂), from the loads P₁ and P₂ (N) and the time (or revolution) fractions during which they act U₁ and U₂ (with U₁ + U₂ = 1). Many bearings do not work under CONSTANT load: the load varies over the operating cycle (a press loading and unloading, a motor accelerating and decelerating, a machine with different work phases). To compute life in this case, the variable cycle is replaced by an equivalent CONSTANT load causing the same fatigue damage — the mean load. But the mean is NOT arithmetic: since fatigue damage is proportional to load CUBED (the life exponent p=3), the mean load is a time-fraction-weighted mean, but with the loads cubed (then cube-rooted) — the so-called cubic mean or 'fatigue-weighted mean'. This makes HIGH loads weigh disproportionately more (a double load causes 8× more damage), so even a small fraction of time at high load dominates the result. This formula (here for two load levels; it generalizes to several) is essential to size bearings in variable-load machines, avoiding underestimating the damage. Enter the two loads and their time fractions.
Blast Hole Count
Calculate the number of holes of a blast pattern, N = area ÷ (burden × spacing), dividing the bench area to blast by the pattern area of each hole (burden B × spacing S). The result is the number of holes needed to cover the area with the specified drilling pattern. In practice, round up. It is an essential quantity calculation in blast planning: it sets the drilling time, the amount of explosive and accessories, and the operation cost. Wider patterns (larger B and S) reduce the number of holes but may worsen fragmentation. Enter the area, the burden and the spacing.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.