Volumetric Organic Loading Rate
Calculate the volumetric organic loading rate (OLR) of a biological reactor, OLR = BOD load ÷ volume, dividing the influent organic load (kg BOD/day) by the reactor's working volume (m³). The result, in kg BOD/(m³·day), shows how much organic matter is applied per unit volume and is central to sizing lagoons, trickling filters, UASB and activated sludge: high loads demand more biomass and oxygen, while low loads indicate an oversized reactor. Enter the daily BOD load and the reactor volume.
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Carga orgânica volumétrica (COV)
A carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) responde a uma pergunta de projeto: quanta matéria orgânica estou jogando em cada metro cúbico de reator por dia? Ela é COV = carga de DBO ÷ volume, com a carga em kg de DBO (demanda bioquímica de oxigênio — a medida da matéria orgânica biodegradável) por dia e o volume útil do reator em m³, resultando em kg DBO/(m³·dia). É um dos parâmetros mais usados para dimensionar lagoas de estabilização, filtros biológicos, reatores UASB e tanques de lodos ativados. Cada tipo de reator tem uma faixa ótima de COV: aplicar carga acima dela sobrecarrega a biomassa, derruba a eficiência e pode causar maus odores; aplicar carga muito abaixo significa um reator superdimensionado e caro. Junto com a carga orgânica superficial e o tempo de detenção, a COV traduz a vazão e a concentração de esgoto reais em um volume de reator adequado. Informe a carga de DBO diária e o volume do reator.
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Railcar Axle Load
Calculate a rail vehicle's axle load, P_axle = total weight ÷ number of axles, from the gross weight of the wagon or locomotive (N, tare plus load) and the number of axles. Axle load is the most important parameter for track design: it is the force each axle transmits to the track (and, per wheel, to each rail), governing stresses in the rail, sleepers, ballast and subgrade. Railways are classified by their axle-load capacity: heavy-haul railways (such as ore lines) run at 30-40 tonnes per axle and need heavy rail, concrete sleepers and reinforced ballast; passenger and light-freight lines run lower loads. Exceeding the allowable axle load causes accelerated fatigue, permanent deformation and failures — so rolling-stock and track-class compatibility is strictly controlled. Axle load also limits maximum train weight and thus transport productivity. Enter the total weight and the number of axles.
Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)
Calculate the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a reactor or tank, HRT = volume ÷ flow, dividing the working volume (m³) by the influent flow (m³/h). The result, in hours, is the average time the liquid stays in the unit and is decisive in designing clarifiers, anaerobic reactors, lagoons and aeration tanks: short times prevent reactions or settling from completing, while long times raise cost and footprint. Enter the working volume and the inlet flow.
Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio (C/N)
Compute the C/N ratio of an organic material by dividing the carbon content by the nitrogen content. It governs composting and decomposition: the ideal range to compost is ~25–30/1. A high ratio (straw, sawdust) breaks down slowly and immobilizes nitrogen; a low one (manure, legumes) breaks down fast and releases ammonia. Balancing 'brown' and 'green' materials starts here. Enter the carbon and nitrogen contents.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.