Archard Wear
Calculate the volume of material removed by wear using Archard's law, V = k·F·s ÷ H, from the dimensionless wear coefficient k, the normal force F, the sliding distance s and the hardness of the softer material H. The result is the worn volume, proportional to load and distance and inversely proportional to hardness. It is the fundamental model of adhesive and abrasive wear, used to predict the life of sliding-contact surfaces — gears, guides, bushings, tools. Harder materials and lower loads reduce wear. Enter the wear coefficient, the force, the distance and the hardness.
Result
—
Desgaste de Archard
A lei de Archard é o modelo fundamental para prever quanto material se perde por desgaste quando duas superfícies deslizam uma sobre a outra sob carga. Ela diz que o volume desgastado é V = k·F·s ÷ H, onde F é a força normal que pressiona as superfícies, s é a distância total deslizada, H é a dureza do material mais mole (que resiste à penetração) e k é o coeficiente de desgaste, um número adimensional que caracteriza a severidade do contato (desgaste suave lubrificado tem k ~10⁻⁸; desgaste adesivo severo metal-metal, ~10⁻³). A lógica física é elegante: o desgaste ocorre nos picos microscópicos (asperezas) que realmente se tocam; a área real de contato é proporcional à carga dividida pela dureza, e o volume removido é proporcional a essa área vezes a distância percorrida. As consequências práticas são diretas: para reduzir desgaste, diminua a carga, aumente a dureza das superfícies (têmpera, nitretação, revestimentos duros) ou reduza k (lubrificação, acabamento melhor, pares de materiais compatíveis). A lei de Archard é usada para estimar a vida útil de engrenagens, guias lineares, buchas, ferramentas de corte e até próteses articulares. É um modelo simplificado — k não é constante em todas as condições —, mas captura a essência do fenômeno. Informe o coeficiente de desgaste, a força, a distância e a dureza.
Related Tools
Corrosion Rate (Mass Loss)
Calculate the corrosion rate by the mass-loss method, CR = 87.6 × W ÷ (D × A × t), from the mass loss W (mg), the material density D (g/cm³), the exposed area A (cm²) and the exposure time t (hours). The result, in mm/year, is the average speed at which the metal is consumed by corrosion — the key parameter to predict the service life of structures, piping and equipment and to set the corrosion allowance in design. Rates below 0.1 mm/year are usually acceptable. Enter the mass loss, density, area and time.
Thickness with Corrosion Allowance
Calculate the total thickness to specify for a pressure-vessel component including the corrosion allowance, t_total = t_calculated + CA, from the minimum pressure-calculated thickness t_calculated (mm) and the corrosion allowance CA (mm). The thickness from the ASME formulas is the MINIMUM needed to resist pressure — but the vessel will operate for DECADES, and corrosion (and erosion) will consume wall material over time. If the vessel were made exactly at the minimum thickness, the first corrosion would already leave it below safe. So a CORROSION ALLOWANCE (CA) is added — a 'sacrificial' over-thickness, typically 1.5 to 6 mm, sized for the expected corrosion rate times the design life (e.g., 0.1 mm/year × 25 years = 2.5 mm). Thus the thickness specified for fabrication is the structural minimum plus the corrosion allowance. Over life, inspection (by ultrasound) measures the REMAINING thickness; when corrosion consumes the whole allowance and the thickness approaches the structural minimum, the vessel must be repaired or retired. The corrosion allowance is like a 'life reserve' built into the wall. Enter the calculated thickness and the corrosion allowance.
Reservoir Life (Sedimentation)
Estimate a reservoir's useful life from sedimentation, Vu = V ÷ V_s, from the reservoir's useful (or total) volume V (m³) and the sediment volume deposited per year V_s (m³/year). Every reservoir, by impounding a river, slows the flow and makes water lose its sediment-carrying capacity — sand, silt and clay from the watershed settle on the bottom, gradually reducing storage. The useful life is the number of years until sedimentation impairs the reservoir's function (power, supply, regulation). It is a crucial design parameter in hydrology and watershed management: reservoirs in basins with erodible soils, deforestation or intensive agriculture silt up fast (decades), while well-conserved basins last centuries. The sediment inflow V_s comes from the basin's sediment yield and the reservoir's trap efficiency (Brune curve). The simple constant-rate model gives the order of magnitude. Conserving the basin and flushing through bottom outlets extend the life. Enter the reservoir volume and the annual sediment inflow.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.