Collective Dose
Compute the collective dose, S = mean individual dose · number of people, in person-sievert (person-Sv), summing the dose received by an entire exposed group. It is the quantity used to assess the total impact of an exposure on a population — in radiation protection, practice optimization and epidemiological studies. Even small individual doses, multiplied by many people, produce a significant collective dose. Enter the mean individual dose and the number of people.
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Collective dose
While the individual dose measures the risk to one person, the collective dose S = average dose · number of people measures the impact on a whole exposed population, in person-sievert (person-Sv). It is a public health and optimization tool: since the risk model used in radiation protection is linear no-threshold (any dose, however small, carries a proportional risk), the total number of expected effects in a population is proportional to the collective dose — it makes no difference whether it comes from a few heavily exposed people or from many lightly exposed ones. That leads to an important insight: a tiny individual dose, negligible when looked at person by person, can add up to an enormous collective dose once multiplied by millions (population exposure to medical imaging, to indoor radon or to natural background radiation, for instance). The collective dose guides policy decisions — is it worth investing to cut a population-wide exposure? — as well as epidemiological studies. Enter the average individual dose and the number of people.
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Effective Dose
Compute the effective dose, E = H·wT, multiplying the equivalent dose in an organ (H, in mSv) by the tissue weighting factor (wT) reflecting the tissue's radiosensitivity. While the equivalent dose accounts for the radiation type, the effective dose weights the risk by the irradiated organ (gonads and marrow are more sensitive than skin or bone). It is the quantity used in occupational dose limits. Enter the equivalent dose and the tissue weighting factor.
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Compute the exposure (or dose) rate of a point gamma source, X = Γ·A/d², from the exposure-rate constant (Γ, specific to the radionuclide), the source activity (A) and the distance (d). It combines the source strength with the inverse square law, allowing you to estimate the dose received at a given distance — fundamental in planning tasks with radioactive sources. Enter the gamma constant, the activity and the distance.
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Compute equivalent dose H = D × WR (Sv).
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Compute the radiation intensity at a new distance from a point source, I₂ = I₁·(d₁/d₂)², by the inverse square law: intensity falls with the square of distance. Doubling the distance reduces the dose to a quarter — which is why distance is one of the three basic radiation-protection defenses (time, distance and shielding) and the most effective and cheapest. Enter the initial intensity and distance and the new distance.
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The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.