Corrected Runway Length (ARFL)
Calculate the corrected runway length from the aircraft reference field length (ARFL) and the three ICAO correction factors: L = L₀·(1 + 0.07·E/300)·(1 + 0.01·ΔT)·(1 + 0.10·S). The basic length L₀ (m) is required at sea level, ISA atmosphere and level runway; corrections increase it for: aerodrome elevation E (+7% per 300 m, as thin air reduces lift and thrust), temperature ΔT above ISA (+1% per °C, same density reason) and effective runway slope S (+10% per 1% slope, which hinders takeoff acceleration). This is fundamental in airport planning: it decides whether a runway can serve a given aircraft at a given airport. High-altitude, hot-climate airports need far longer runways — the same aircraft needs much more runway in La Paz or Brasília than at sea level. Enter the basic length, elevation, temperature difference and slope.
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Comprimento de pista corrigido (ARFL)
O comprimento de pista de que uma aeronave precisa não é fixo: depende fortemente das condições do aeroporto. Partindo do comprimento básico de referência L₀ (o ARFL — Aircraft Reference Field Length, exigido ao nível do mar, na atmosfera padrão ISA e em pista nivelada), aplicam-se as três correções da ICAO: L = L₀·(1 + 0,07·E/300)·(1 + 0,01·ΔT)·(1 + 0,10·S). A correção de elevação adiciona 7% a cada 300 m de altitude, porque o ar rarefeito reduz a sustentação das asas e o empuxo das turbinas; a de temperatura adiciona 1% por °C acima da temperatura padrão ISA, pela mesma razão de densidade do ar; e a de declividade adiciona 10% por 1% de rampa efetiva, que dificulta a aceleração na decolagem. O efeito combinado é grande: um avião que precisa de 2.000 m ao nível do mar pode precisar de mais de 2.600 m num aeroporto de planalto, quente e com rampa. É por isso que aeroportos em grandes altitudes (La Paz, Cidade do México, Brasília) têm pistas notavelmente mais longas, e por que, em dias muito quentes, voos podem ter o peso de decolagem limitado se a pista não for suficiente. Este cálculo é a base para verificar a compatibilidade entre uma aeronave e uma pista. Informe o comprimento básico, a elevação, a diferença de temperatura e a declividade.
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Take-Off Distance Available (TODA)
Calculate the Take-Off Distance Available, TODA = TORA + clearway, from the Take-Off Run Available (TORA) and the clearway length. TODA is one of the four declared distances of a runway, central ICAO operational concepts. The clearway is an obstacle-free rectangular area beyond the runway over which the aircraft can complete the initial climb to a minimum height — it extends takeoff distance without extra pavement, since the aircraft is already airborne. The declared distances (TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA) are published for each runway threshold and used by pilots and dispatchers to verify, for each takeoff, that the aircraft — with its weight, configuration and the day's conditions — fits the available runway with required margins. Enter the TORA and the clearway length.
Runway Hourly Capacity
Estimate a runway's hourly capacity, C = 3600 ÷ T, from the average occupancy or separation time between successive operations T (seconds). A runway's capacity — the maximum operations (landings and takeoffs) per hour — is one of the most important airport planning parameters, setting the airport's traffic limit. The time T is governed by minimum wake-turbulence separation, runway occupancy time (from touchdown to clearing via a rapid-exit taxiway), air traffic control procedures and the aircraft mix. Well-run single runways reach about 40-60 operations per hour; capacity rises with parallel runways, high-speed exits (reducing occupancy time) and optimized procedures. As demand nears capacity, delays grow nonlinearly (queueing theory), driving expansions or flow management (slots). Enter the average time between operations.
Takeoff Runway Distance Calculator
Estimates single engine aircraft takeoff distance from weight, pressure altitude and temperature using typical aircraft manual corrections.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.