Runway Hourly Capacity
Estimate a runway's hourly capacity, C = 3600 ÷ T, from the average occupancy or separation time between successive operations T (seconds). A runway's capacity — the maximum operations (landings and takeoffs) per hour — is one of the most important airport planning parameters, setting the airport's traffic limit. The time T is governed by minimum wake-turbulence separation, runway occupancy time (from touchdown to clearing via a rapid-exit taxiway), air traffic control procedures and the aircraft mix. Well-run single runways reach about 40-60 operations per hour; capacity rises with parallel runways, high-speed exits (reducing occupancy time) and optimized procedures. As demand nears capacity, delays grow nonlinearly (queueing theory), driving expansions or flow management (slots). Enter the average time between operations.
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Capacidade horária de pista
A capacidade horária de uma pista é C = 3600 ÷ T, a partir do tempo médio de ocupação ou de separação entre operações sucessivas T (em segundos). A capacidade — o número máximo de operações (pousos e decolagens) que uma pista comporta por hora — é um dos parâmetros mais importantes do planejamento aeroportuário, pois define o limite de tráfego do aeroporto. O tempo T entre operações é governado por vários fatores: a separação mínima por esteira de turbulência (wake turbulence) entre aeronaves (uma aeronave leve atrás de uma pesada precisa esperar mais, pelos vórtices de ponta de asa), o tempo de ocupação da pista (desde o toque no pouso até liberar a pista por uma saída), os procedimentos do controle de tráfego aéreo e a mescla de tipos de aeronave. Uma pista única bem operada atinge da ordem de 40 a 60 operações por hora; a capacidade aumenta com pistas paralelas, com saídas de alta velocidade (rapid-exit taxiways, que reduzem o tempo de ocupação ao permitir que o avião deixe a pista rapidamente após o pouso) e com procedimentos otimizados de aproximação e sequenciamento. Quando a demanda se aproxima da capacidade, os atrasos crescem de forma não-linear (como prevê a teoria de filas — perto da saturação, pequenas variações geram grandes atrasos), o que motiva expansões de infraestrutura ou medidas de gestão de fluxo como a alocação de slots (horários) nos aeroportos congestionados. Informe o tempo médio entre operações.
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Peak Flow Rate (PHF)
Calculate the peak flow rate of a roadway, q = V ÷ PHF, dividing the hourly volume V (vehicles/h) by the peak hour factor PHF (between 0 and 1, the ratio of the hour's volume to four times the busiest 15-minute volume). The result, in vehicles/h, is the equivalent flow rate of the busiest 15-minute period — always greater than or equal to the hourly volume, since traffic does not arrive uniformly. It is the design flow used in capacity and level-of-service analysis by the HCM, since sizing by the hourly average would underestimate the peaks. Enter the hourly volume and the peak hour factor.
Equivalent Flow (PCE)
Calculate the equivalent flow in passenger car equivalents (PCE), q = Q_cars + Q_heavy × E, adding the car flow to the heavy-vehicle flow multiplied by the equivalence factor E (how many passenger cars each truck or bus equals in road occupancy — typically 1.5 to 3.0). The result, in PCE/h, converts a mixed traffic stream into an equivalent homogeneous one, allowing volumes to be compared and the capacity of roads with different traffic compositions to be computed. Heavy vehicles occupy more space and accelerate more slowly, especially on grades. Enter the car flow, the heavy-vehicle flow and the equivalence factor.
Taxi Time on Taxiway
Calculate an aircraft's taxi time on a taxiway, t = distance ÷ speed, from the distance to cover (m) and the taxi speed (m/s). Taxiing is the aircraft's ground movement between the runway and the apron (gate), under its own engines, at low speed. Taxi time is an important component of total operation time and cost: long taxis (at large airports with runways far from the terminal) burn fuel, generate emissions and delays, and occupy capacity-limited taxiways. Taxi speed is typically 5-15 m/s (about 20-50 km/h) on straights, slowing in curves and crossings. Taxi time feeds ground-traffic modeling, taxiway system sizing, ground fuel-burn and emissions estimates, and airport capacity studies. Efficient airports minimize taxi distances and conflicts with good geometry, well-placed runway exits and ground-traffic management. Enter the taxi distance and speed.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.