Instrument Hysteresis
Compute an instrument's hysteresis, H = (maximum up-down difference/span)·100%, the largest difference between the readings obtained for the same input value when it is reached increasingly and then decreasingly. It reveals 'memory' or mechanical slack in the sensor: ideally zero, but present in springs, gears and magnetic materials. Expressed as a percentage of span. Enter the hysteresis difference and the span.
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Histerese de instrumento
Faça um instrumento subir até um valor e depois descer até o mesmo ponto: idealmente, a leitura deveria ser idêntica nos dois sentidos. A histerese é a diferença que aparece — uma 'memória' do caminho percorrido: H = (diferença máxima/span)·100%. Suas causas são físicas e mecânicas: folga em engrenagens, atrito, deformação elástica de molas e diafragmas, e, em sensores magnéticos, o próprio laço de histerese do material. Um manômetro com histerese marca pressões ligeiramente diferentes ao subir e ao descer. Junto com a linearidade e a repetibilidade, é uma das parcelas da exatidão — e, por vir de folgas mecânicas, costuma piorar com o desgaste do instrumento. Informe a diferença de histerese e o span.
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Linearity Error
Compute the linearity error (non-linearity) of an instrument, LE = (maximum deviation/span)·100%, the largest departure of the actual curve from the ideal straight line, expressed as a percentage of span. It measures how much the instrument's response deviates from a straight line — the smaller, the more 'linear' and predictable the reading. It is one of the components of specified accuracy. Enter the maximum deviation and the instrument span.
Accuracy as % of Full Scale
Convert an accuracy specification given as a percentage of full scale (% FS) into the absolute error in engineering units, Error = (accuracy% · span)/100. Since the %FS error is constant across the range, it represents a larger relative error at low readings — so it is important to translate it into real units. Enter the accuracy percentage and the instrument span.
Gear Base Pitch
Calculate the base pitch of an involute gear, p_b = π·m·cos(φ), from the module m (mm) and the pressure angle φ (degrees). The base pitch is the distance between two homologous flanks of consecutive teeth, measured along the base circle (or, equivalently, along the line of action) — different from the circular pitch (π·m), measured on the pitch circle. The base pitch is a FUNDAMENTAL property of involute meshing for an elegant reason: for two meshes to transmit motion correctly, they must have the SAME base pitch — it is the conjugacy condition of involute profiles. Moreover, the base pitch appears directly in the CONTACT RATIO (the average number of teeth in simultaneous contact, found by dividing the line-of-action length by the base pitch): a contact ratio above 1 (ideally above 1.4) ensures there is always at least one tooth pair meshed, transmitting motion continuously and smoothly, without impacts. The base pitch is also the basis of checking gears 'over two pins' or by span measurement (W over teeth), classic dimensional-control methods. It is an essential parameter in gear geometry and metrology. Enter the module and the pressure angle.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.