Packing Height (HTU·NTU)
Compute the packing height of an absorption or distillation column, Z = HTU·NTU, multiplying the height of a transfer unit (HTU, which depends on hydrodynamics and packing type) by the number of transfer units (NTU, which depends on the desired separation). It is the HTU-NTU method of sizing packed columns — it separates the 'kinetic' part (HTU) from the 'thermodynamic' (NTU). Enter the HTU and the NTU.
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Altura de recheio (HTU·NTU)
O dimensionamento de uma coluna recheada de absorção ou destilação se resume a uma multiplicação elegante: Z = HTU · NTU. A genialidade do método está em separar dois aspectos que dependem de coisas diferentes. O NTU (número de unidades de transferência) é puramente termodinâmico/de processo: depende só de quanto se quer separar (concentrações de entrada e saída) e do equilíbrio. Já a HTU (altura de uma unidade de transferência) é cinética/hidrodinâmica: depende do tipo e tamanho do recheio (anéis de Raschig, selas, recheios estruturados), das vazões de gás e líquido, das propriedades dos fluidos e dos coeficientes de transferência de massa. Recheios mais eficientes têm HTU menor (mais separação por metro). Assim, o engenheiro calcula o NTU a partir da especificação de separação e a HTU a partir da hidráulica, e a altura sai do produto. É um dos métodos mais usados no projeto de torres da indústria química. Informe a HTU e o NTU.
Related Tools
Number of Transfer Units (NTU)
Compute the number of transfer units (NTU) of an absorption or stripping column (dilute case), NTU = ln(C_in/C_out), from the inlet and outlet concentrations. NTU measures the 'difficulty' of the separation: the greater the removal desired, the more transfer units are needed. Together with the height of a unit (HTU), it defines the total packing height. Enter the inlet and outlet concentrations.
Metallostatic Pressure
Calculate the metallostatic pressure exerted by molten metal at the bottom of a mold, P = ρ × g × h, from the molten metal density ρ (kg/m³), gravity g and the metal column height h (m). The result, in pascals, is the pressure the molten metal exerts on the mold walls and bottom due to its own weight — analogous to hydrostatic pressure, but with the high density of metals. It is essential to size the mold strength (which can 'burst' or deform under pressure), predict core flotation and metal penetration into gaps. Dense metals (iron, ~7000 kg/m³) generate high pressures. Enter the metal density and the column height.
Actual Plates (Efficiency)
Compute the number of actual plates of a distillation column, N_actual = N_theoretical / (efficiency/100), from the number of theoretical (equilibrium) plates and the column's overall efficiency (%). Since no real plate reaches perfect equilibrium, more actual plates than theoretical are needed: a 50% efficiency doubles the plate count. It is the step that turns the theoretical design into the physical column. Enter the theoretical plates and the overall efficiency.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.