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〰️ Calculators

Svensson Yield Curve

Computes the spot rate with the Svensson curve, the extension of the Nelson-Siegel model that adds a second hump to fit more complex yield curves. With six parameters (four betas and two lambdas), it captures shapes Nelson-Siegel can't, which is why it's the choice of central banks like the ECB and the Bundesbank to publish their curves. Enter the four betas in percent, the two lambdas and the desired maturity.

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Svensson Yield Curve

Computes the spot rate with the Svensson curve, the extension of the Nelson-Siegel model that adds a second hump to fit more complex yield curves. With six parameters (four betas and two lambdas), it captures shapes Nelson-Siegel can't, which is why it's the choice of central banks like the ECB and the Bundesbank to publish their curves. Enter the four betas in percent, the two lambdas and the desired maturity.

Nelson-Siegel with one more hump

The Nelson-Siegel model fits most yield curves well, but it stumbles when the curve has two curvature movements, two humps. Lars Svensson solved this in 1994 by adding a fourth term with its own decay factor. The result is flexible enough to capture nearly any curve shape observed in the market.

That extra flexibility explains why the Svensson model became the de facto standard for European central banks, like the European Central Bank and the Bundesbank, to publish their estimated yield curves. The six parameters have an interpretation similar to Nelson-Siegel's: level, slope and two curvatures, each acting in a maturity range controlled by the lambdas.

Enter the four betas in percent, the two lambdas and the desired maturity. The tool returns the spot rate for that maturity. It's the tool for interpolating points on the curve or reproducing the rate for any maturity from the parameters published by a central bank.

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Nelson-Siegel Yield Curve

Computes the spot rate for any maturity using the Nelson-Siegel model, the most widely used way to fit the yield curve with few parameters. The three betas control the long-run level, the slope and the curvature, while lambda sets where the curve takes shape. Central banks and fixed-income desks use this model to smooth and interpolate curves from traded bonds. Enter the three betas in percent, the lambda and the desired maturity.

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Bootstrap the Zero Curve

Builds the zero (spot) rate curve from par rates using sequential bootstrapping: at each maturity it uses the par-bond identity to strip out the discount factor and converts it to the annual zero rate. This is the step that turns observed market rates into the discount curve used to price any cashflow. Enter the list of annual par rates; the output is the zero rate at each maturity.

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CIR Bond Price (Cox-Ingersoll-Ross)

Computes the price of a zero-coupon bond with the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model, the successor to Vasicek that fixes its biggest flaw: CIR prevents negative interest rates, because the volatility shrinks as the rate approaches zero. It also has mean reversion and yields an affine closed form for the bond price. It's one of the most used short-rate models in practice. Enter the reversion speed, the long-run mean, the volatility, the current rate and the maturity.

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Z-spread (Zero-Volatility Spread)

Computes a bond's Z-spread: the constant spread added to the entire zero (spot) rate curve so the present value of its cashflows equals the market price. Unlike the nominal spread, which uses a single point, it accounts for the whole shape of the curve; for an option-free bond the Z-spread equals the OAS. Enter the cashflow times and amounts, the zero rate at each node and the price; the result is in basis points.

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Vasicek Bond Price

Computes the price of a zero-coupon bond with the Vasicek model, the first short-rate interest-rate model with mean reversion. It describes the short rate oscillating around a long-run mean and yields a closed form for the bond price from four parameters: reversion speed, mean, volatility and current rate. Despite allowing negative rates, it's the foundation of the whole family of term-structure models. Enter the parameters and the maturity, and see the price and implied yield.

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Payer Swaption (Black Model)

Computes the premium of a payer swaption with the Black model: the right to enter an interest rate swap paying a pre-agreed fixed rate. The price is the swap's annuity multiplied by a Black formula on the forward swap rate. Swaptions are the central instrument for those managing long-term interest rate risk, like banks and insurers. Enter the forward swap rate, the strike, the volatility, the expiry, the annuity (PV01) and the notional.

The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.