Fabric Cover Factor
Compute a fabric's cover factor, CF = thread density (threads/cm) · √(Tex), an index of how 'closed' the weave is — how much the threads cover the area, leaving more or fewer open spaces. High factors indicate dense, opaque fabrics (canvas, twill); low ones, sheer, breathable fabrics (voile, mesh). It influences air permeability, opacity and strength. Enter the thread density and the count in Tex.
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Fabric cover factor
The cover factor puts a number on how 'closed' a fabric is — how much of the area the yarns actually cover, leaving more or fewer open spaces between them. It combines the two properties that decide this: yarn density (more yarns, more coverage) and yarn thickness (coarser yarns cover more), through CF = density·√(Tex). Fabrics with a high cover factor are dense, opaque and barely permeable to air — canvas, twills and gabardines, ideal where wind resistance and durability matter. A low cover factor yields open, light and breathable fabrics — voile, mesh and muslin. The cover factor predicts air and water permeability, opacity, strength and even how the cloth will behave in the dyehouse. Enter the yarn density and the yarn count in Tex.
Related Tools
Fabric Thread Count
Compute a woven fabric's thread density by adding the warp threads (lengthwise) and weft threads (widthwise) per centimeter. It is an indicator of construction and quality: higher density usually means a firmer, more durable and fuller fabric. It appears on spec sheets as 'threads/cm' or 'thread count'. Enter the warp and weft threads per cm.
Reservoir Recovery Factor
Compute a reservoir's recovery factor, RF = (Np/N)·100%, the fraction of the original oil (N, or OOIP) that will actually be produced (Np). It is one of the most important — and uncertain — numbers in the industry: primary recovery (natural energy) is usually 5–15%; with secondary recovery (water/gas injection) it rises to 30–50%; and advanced methods (EOR) can go further. It defines the field's economic value. Enter the cumulative production and the original oil in place.
Axle Load Equivalency Factor
Computes how many passes of the standard axle are equivalent to one pass of the real axle, using the power law of pavement design: factor = (axle load ÷ standard axle load) raised to the damage exponent. This factor is what converts a traffic count into the number N of standard axle repetitions, which in Brazil is the 8.2 tf, or 80 kN, single axle with dual wheels. The exponent amplifies overload brutally: an axle 20% heavier than the standard does not consume 20% more pavement but 2.07 times as much, which is why a single overloaded truck weighs more on the life of the road than thousands of cars, whose factor is practically zero. The exponent is an input rather than fixed at 4, the AASHTO value known as the fourth power law, because rigid pavement and fatigue cracking models work with exponents between 3 and 5 and the result shifts by a whole level depending on the choice. Enter the axle load, the standard axle load and the damage exponent.
Clinker Lime Saturation Factor (LSF)
Computes the lime saturation factor of raw meal or clinker, the index that tells how close the lime present sits to the maximum that silica, alumina and iron oxide could combine with: LSF = 100 × CaO ÷ (2.8 × SiO₂ + 1.18 × Al₂O₃ + 0.65 × Fe₂O₃), with contents as mass percentages. It is the number one parameter in cement kiln control because it governs the split between alite and belite: a value near 100 means nearly all the lime combines and the clinker comes out rich in C₃S, with good early strength, but it demands a hotter burn and a narrow operating margin. Above 100 free lime is left over, hydrating late and expanding in concrete; below 90 the clinker is poor in alite and 3-day strength drops. The form without free lime correction was adopted, as used in raw meal control; on burnt clinker some laboratories subtract free CaO from the numerator, which lowers the index by one or two points. Enter the CaO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ contents of the sample.
Fabric Weight (GSM)
Compute a fabric's weight in grams per square meter (GSM) by dividing a sample's mass by its area. It is the main measure of fabric 'weight': light T-shirt knits are 140–180 g/m², sweatshirts 280–340, canvas and denim much more. GSM defines hand, drape, durability and price, and is specified in almost every textile spec sheet. Enter the sample's mass and area.
Fabric Shrinkage
Compute a fabric's shrinkage after washing, S = (initial measure − final measure)/initial measure · 100%, the percentage reduction in length or width. Almost every fabric shrinks in the first wash (cotton can exceed 5%), so the pattern must compensate for that percentage and the fabric is usually pre-shrunk (sanforized). Ignoring it makes the garment come out smaller than the nominal size. Enter the measures before and after washing.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.