Steam Quality
Calculate the quality (title) of a wet steam, x = (h − h_f) ÷ (h_g − h_f), from the mixture enthalpy and the enthalpies of saturated liquid (h_f) and saturated vapour (h_g) at the same pressure. The result (between 0 and 1, or ×100%) is the vapour mass fraction in the liquid-vapour mixture: x = 0 is saturated liquid, x = 1 is dry saturated vapour, and intermediate values are wet steam. Quality is essential in steam cycles to know the state at the turbine outlet (very low quality erodes the blades) and at the condenser inlet. Enter the mixture enthalpy, h_f and h_g.
Resultado
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Título de vapor (qualidade)
Na região de saturação, água líquida e vapor coexistem em equilíbrio, e o título (x), ou qualidade do vapor, diz qual a fração mássica que já virou vapor. Ele se calcula interpolando a entalpia da mistura entre os dois extremos: x = (h − h_f) ÷ (h_g − h_f), onde h_f é a entalpia do líquido saturado (todo líquido, x = 0) e h_g a do vapor saturado seco (todo vapor, x = 1), ambas tabeladas para a pressão de saturação. Um título de 0,6 significa que 60% da massa é vapor e 40% ainda é líquido (gotículas suspensas). O título é uma grandeza-chave em ciclos a vapor por dois motivos práticos. Na saída da turbina, o vapor já expandiu e esfriou, ficando úmido; títulos baixos demais (abaixo de ~0,88) significam muitas gotas de água batendo nas pás a alta velocidade, causando erosão — por isso se usa superaquecimento e reaquecimento para manter o título alto. E na entrada do condensador, o título indica quanto calor ainda há a remover. A mesma definição vale com entropia ou volume no lugar da entalpia. Informe a entalpia da mistura, h_f e h_g.
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