Steps per Millimeter (3D Printer)
Compute the steps per millimeter (steps/mm) of a 3D-printer or CNC axis, steps/mm = (steps per revolution · microsteps)/travel per revolution, the calibration value entered in the firmware. For a GT2-belt axis (40 mm/rev travel), a 200-step motor and 16 microsteps, it gives 80 steps/mm. Correct calibration ensures accurate part dimensions. Enter the steps per revolution, the microsteps and the travel per revolution.
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Passos por milímetro (impressora 3D)
Um dos números mais importantes do firmware de uma impressora 3D ou CNC é o steps/mm: quantos passos do motor produzem 1 mm de movimento real. steps/mm = (passos por volta · micropassos)/avanço por volta. Para um eixo movido por correia GT2 com polia de 20 dentes (avanço de 40 mm por volta), motor de 200 passos e 16 micropassos: (200·16)/40 = 80 steps/mm. Para eixos com fuso, o avanço por volta é o lead do fuso (ex.: 8 mm), dando valores bem maiores. Se esse número estiver errado, todas as peças saem com a dimensão proporcionalmente errada — por isso a calibração de steps/mm é o primeiro ajuste de qualquer impressora nova. Informe os passos por volta, os micropassos e o avanço por volta.
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Stepper Motor Resolution
Compute the angular resolution of a stepper motor, R = 360°/(steps per revolution · microsteps), the smallest angle the shaft can position. A common 200-step motor (1.8°/step) with 16 microstepping reaches 0.1125° per microstep — 3200 positions per revolution. Microstepping smooths motion and raises resolution, though it lowers the holding torque per microstep. Enter the steps per revolution and the microstepping factor.
Roman Mile Passus Calculator
Converts ancient Roman distances in mille passus, Roman feet, current km, equivalent to approximately 1480 meters per thousand paces.
Lead Screw Lead
Compute the lead of a ball screw or power screw, Lead = pitch · number of starts, the linear distance the nut travels per full turn of the screw. On a single-start screw the lead equals the pitch; with multiple starts the lead increases proportionally, allowing more linear speed at the same rotation. The basis of rotation-to-displacement conversion in CNC and linear actuators. Enter the pitch and the number of starts.
Sensor Sensitivity
Compute a sensor's sensitivity, S = Δoutput/Δinput, the ratio of the output-signal change to the measured-quantity change that caused it. It is the slope of the calibration curve: a more sensitive sensor produces a larger signal change for the same input change, making reading easier. Expressed, for example, in mV/°C or mA/bar. Enter the output change and the input change.
Machining Spindle Speed
Calculate the spindle speed (RPM) needed in machining, n = (1000·Vc) ÷ (π·D), from the desired cutting speed Vc (m/min) and the diameter D (mm — workpiece in turning or tool in milling). It is the inverse of the cutting-speed calculation, and the most used on the shop floor: the operator knows the material, picks the recommended cutting speed from tables, and must convert it to the rpm to set on the machine. The relation reveals a key point: for the same cutting speed, SMALLER-diameter parts or tools require HIGHER rpm (and vice versa). So turning a part of varying diameter (facing, tapers) at constant cutting speed requires continuously varying the rpm — done automatically by CNC lathes (G96, constant surface speed), while on conventional lathes the operator adjusts by ranges. Getting rpm right is essential for tool life, finish and safety (excessive rpm on large parts creates dangerous centrifugal forces). Enter the cutting speed and the diameter.
The results provided by this tool are for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute professional, financial, medical, legal, tax or accounting advice. Always confirm important decisions with a qualified professional and official sources.