ADC Resolution
Compute the resolution of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), R = FSR/2ⁿ, dividing the full-scale range (FSR, in volts) by the number of levels (2 to the power of the number of bits). It is the smallest voltage step the converter distinguishes — the more bits, the finer the resolution: a 12-bit ADC divides the range into 4096 levels. Fundamental in data-acquisition and digital-instrumentation design. Enter the full-scale range and the number of bits.
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Resolução de ADC (conversor A/D)
Um conversor analógico-digital (ADC) traduz uma tensão contínua num número digital — mas só consegue distinguir degraus finitos. A resolução é o tamanho desse degrau: R = FSR/2ⁿ, a faixa de fundo de escala dividida pelo número de níveis (2 elevado aos bits). Cada bit a mais dobra o número de níveis e divide o degrau pela metade: 8 bits dão 256 níveis; 12 bits, 4096; 16 bits, 65536. Num ADC de 12 bits e faixa de 10 V, cada degrau vale ~2,4 mV — variações menores que isso são invisíveis ao conversor. É o que limita a precisão de qualquer sistema de aquisição de dados. Informe a faixa de fundo de escala e o número de bits.
Related Tools
PWM Resolution (Levels)
Calculate the number of levels of a PWM signal, levels = 2^bits, from the bit resolution of the PWM generator (timer). The result is the number of discrete duty-cycle steps available: an 8-bit PWM offers 256 levels (0 to 255), allowing power adjustment in 256 steps; a 10-bit one, 1024 levels, finer control. Higher resolution gives smoother control of motor speed and LED brightness, but reduces the maximum possible PWM frequency for a given timer clock. It is a central parameter in microcontroller configuration. Enter the resolution in bits.
Sensor Sensitivity
Compute a sensor's sensitivity, S = Δoutput/Δinput, the ratio of the output-signal change to the measured-quantity change that caused it. It is the slope of the calibration curve: a more sensitive sensor produces a larger signal change for the same input change, making reading easier. Expressed, for example, in mV/°C or mA/bar. Enter the output change and the input change.
Encoder Resolution
Compute the angular resolution of an incremental rotary encoder, R = 360°/PPR, dividing 360° by the pulses per revolution (PPR). It is the smallest angle increment the encoder can distinguish — the more pulses per turn, the finer the position measurement. A 3600-PPR encoder resolves 0.1° per pulse. The basis of position control in servomechanisms and CNC. Enter the pulses per revolution.
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